In Queens, New York, a young woman was attacked and killed in the courtyard of her apartment complex. Although many of her neighbors were home, could hear her screams, and some could even see the attack, none of them called the police. This BEST illustrates:-

Diffusion of responsibility

Explanation:

Diffusion of responsibility is defined as tendency of people to behave in less  responsible manner in any situation or on-going act due to presence of other people. In such situation, people think that others will take action or responsibility or might have already taken step in that situation .

According to the question, neighbors of the women who was getting killed did see her getting attacked and heard her screams as well but did not take any measure due to diffusion of responsibility. They thought that other people witnessing the attack must have called police as a responsibility.

elizabeth loftus conducted a study to observe the reliability of eyewitnesses during the 1970s. their baseline was to define how accurate are the recollections of eyewitnesses.

her studies do not support the use of eyewitness. loftus mentions in her work that we are not required to recall some experiences, meaning that rarely an individual eyewitness testimony is trustworthy. a good example is presented in her work, where all individuals watched a video and were than asked "about how fast were the cars going when they hit/smash? ". the testimonies changed based on the word she used to make the question (hit or smash), proving the fragility.